Supposedly, on the Japanese island of Koshima, a group of wild monkeys learned to wash sweet potatoes in the sea before eating them. The behavior started with one monkey, and gradually others in the group began to adopt it. According to the story, when the hundredth monkey learned this new behavior, a sudden and mysterious phenomenon occurred. Monkeys on neighboring islands, who were not in direct contact with the original group, began to exhibit the same behavior spontaneously, as if the knowledge had spread through some non-physical, collective consciousness.
While the Hundredth Monkey Effect has become a popular metaphor for the rapid, spontaneous, and widespread adoption of new behaviors or ideas, it's important to note that the original story is not supported by scientific evidence. The concept has been criticized for its lack of empirical basis and for being more of an allegory than a scientifically validated principle.
Critics argue that the story is likely an oversimplified and embellished version of events and may not accurately represent the complexity of how cultural behaviors spread among animal populations. Scientifically, the diffusion of behaviors in animal groups is influenced by a variety of factors, including social learning, environmental conditions, and individual variations.
Despite its lack of scientific support, the idea of the Hundredth Monkey Effect has been embraced in popular culture and the New Age movement as a metaphor for the potential for collective consciousness to bring about positive change. However, from a scientific perspective, claims of a mystical or non-physical transmission of knowledge lack substantiated evidence.